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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A collection of articles and resources on clinical applications of large language models (LLMs) and other AI technologies.

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NEWS

Medical News & Perspectives

Can Predictive AI Improve Early Sepsis Detection?

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH

Medical News in Brief

WHO: What Regulators Should Consider for AI in Health Care

Emily Harris

Medical News & Perspectives

How AI Will Change Med School

Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, Jennifer Abbasi

Medical News in Brief

New FDA Advisory Team to Focus on AI, Other Digital Health Technologies

Emily Harris

Medical News & Perspectives

Feeding AI the Right Diet for Health Care Success

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH

Medical News & Perspectives

How Kaiser Permanente Is Testing AI in the Clinic

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH

Medical News & Perspectives

New Vaccines and More Highlights From IDWeek 2023

Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ

Medical News & Perspectives

Building Health Care Equity Into AI Tools

Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Medical News & Perspectives

Can AI Solve Clinician Burnout?

Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Medical News & Perspectives

Physicians, Patients, and AI: Whose Humanity Is It, Anyway?

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

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RESEARCH

Research Letter

Analysis of Devices Authorized by the FDA as Clinical Decision Support in Critical Care

Jessica T. Lee, MD, MHS, MSHP, Alexander T. Moffett, MD et al.

Original Investigation

Defining Oral Temperature Ranges in Outpatients Using an Unsupervised Learning Algorithm

Catherine Ley, PhD, Frederik Heath, MS et al.

Research Letter

Chatbot vs Medical Student Performance on Free-Response Clinical Reasoning Examinations

Eric Strong, MD, Alicia DiGiammarino, MS et al.

Research Letter

History of Present Illness Summaries Generated by a Chatbot and Senior Internal Medicine Residents

Ashwin Nayak, MD, MS, Matthew S. Alkaitis, MD, PhD et al.

Research Letter

Accuracy of a Generative Artificial Intelligence Model in a Complex Diagnostic Challenge

Zahir Kanjee, MD, MPH, Byron Crowe, MD et al.

Original Investigation

Comparing Physician and Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions

John W. Ayers, PhD, MA, Adam Poliak, PhD et al.

Research Letter

Appropriateness of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Recommendations From Online Chat-Based AI Model

Ashish Sarraju, MD, Dennis Bruemmer, MD, PhD et al.

Research Letter

States’ Methods for Capturing and Reporting Local Responses to Suspected Nonfatal Drug Overdoses

Christian Johnson, MPH, Megan Catlin, MS et al.

Original Investigation

Accuracy of Stroke Risk Prediction Models by Race, Sex, and Age

Chuan Hong, PhD, Michael J. Pencina, PhD et al.

Original Investigation

Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Back Pain

John D. Piette, MSc, PhD, Sean Newman, MS et al.

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REVIEW

Special Communication

Will Generative AI Deliver on Its Promise in Health Care?

Robert M. Wachter, MD, Erik Brynjolfsson, PhD

Special Communication

Need for AI Vigilance to Safeguard Health Care

Bradley D. Menz, BPharm(Hons), Natansh D. Modi, BPharm(Hons) et al.

Special Communication

Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in Medicine

Nigam H. Shah, MBBS, PhD, David Entwistle, BS, MHSA et al.

Special Communication

Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Screening

Kunal C. Potnis, BS, Joseph S. Ross, MD, MHS et al.

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

How to Read Articles That Use Machine Learning

Yun Liu, PhD, Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen, PhD et al.

JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

On Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis

Lawrence Carin, PhD, Michael J. Pencina, PhD

OPINION

Viewpoint

AI Executive Order and Implications for Health Care

Michelle M. Mello, JD, PhD, MPhil, Nigam H. Shah, MBBS, PhD et al.

Viewpoint

AI Will Not Reduce Health Care’s Administrative Burden

Kevin A. Schulman, MD, Perry Kent Nielsen Jr et al.

Invited Commentary

Health Disinformation—Gaining Strength, Becoming Infinite

Peter J. Hotez, MD, PhD

Viewpoint

Radiology’s AI Adoption Dilemma

Saurabh Jha, MBBS, MS

Viewpoint

Transformation of Undergraduate Medical Education in 2023

Bernard S. Chang, MD, MMSc

Editor's Note

FDA Regulations of AI-Driven Clinical Decision Support Devices Fall Short

Anand R. Habib, MD, MPhil, Cary P. Gross, MD

Viewpoint

Guiding Risk Adjustment Models Toward Machine Learning Methods

Gary E. Weissman, MD, MSHP, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, MD, MPH

Editorial

JAMA Call for Papers for AI in Medicine

Rohan Khera, MD, MS, Atul J. Butte, MD, PhD et al.

Editor's Note

Assessment of Chatbot Performance in Health Sciences Research

Eric Ward, MD, Cary Gross, MD

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SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Cardiology
Economic Evaluation of BP Monitoring Techniques in Patients With Hypertension JAMA Network Open |
Natural Language Processing for Adjudication of Heart Failure JAMA Cardiology |
Innovation in Event Adjudication—Human vs Machine JAMA Cardiology |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
Identification of Undiagnosed AF in ECGs in Sinus Rhythm JAMA Cardiology |
Deep Learning in ECGs in Sinus Rhythm to Predict AF JAMA Cardiology |
Social Media Users’ Response to Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Football Broadcast JAMA Network Open |
Using Social Media Platforms for the Greater Good JAMA Network Open |
Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for CVD JAMA Network Open |
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SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Dermatology
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
Diagnostic Performance of Dermatologists Cooperating With a CNN JAMA Dermatology |
AI Support Tool for Telemedicine JAMA Dermatology |
Checklist for Evaluation of Image-Based Artificial Intelligence Reports in Dermatology JAMA Dermatology |
Machine Learning–Based Deep Phenotyping of Atopic Dermatitis JAMA Dermatology |
Lack of Transparency and Potential Bias in AI Data Sets and Algorithms JAMA Dermatology |
Risk of Bias and Error From Data Sets Used for Dermatologic AI JAMA Dermatology |
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SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Cardiology
Dermatology
Economic Evaluation of BP Monitoring Techniques in Patients With Hypertension JAMA Network Open |
Natural Language Processing for Adjudication of Heart Failure JAMA Cardiology |
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
Innovation in Event Adjudication—Human vs Machine JAMA Cardiology |
Diagnostic Performance of Dermatologists Cooperating With a CNN JAMA Dermatology |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
AI Support Tool for Telemedicine JAMA Dermatology |
Identification of Undiagnosed AF in ECGs in Sinus Rhythm JAMA Cardiology |
Deep Learning in ECGs in Sinus Rhythm to Predict AF JAMA Cardiology |
Checklist for Evaluation of Image-Based Artificial Intelligence Reports in Dermatology JAMA Dermatology |
Social Media Users’ Response to Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Football Broadcast JAMA Network Open |
Machine Learning–Based Deep Phenotyping of Atopic Dermatitis JAMA Dermatology |
Using Social Media Platforms for the Greater Good JAMA Network Open |
Lack of Transparency and Potential Bias in AI Data Sets and Algorithms JAMA Dermatology |
Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for CVD JAMA Network Open |
Risk of Bias and Error From Data Sets Used for Dermatologic AI JAMA Dermatology |
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Neurology
Algorithmic Fairness of Machine Learning Models for Alzheimer Disease Progression JAMA Network Open |
Automated Large Vessel Occlusion Detection Software and Thrombectomy Treatment Times JAMA Neurology |
Three-Dimensional Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head as a Function of Glaucoma Severity JAMA Ophthalmology |
Deep Learning Models to Classify and Monitor Scoliosis Using a Single Smartphone Photograph JAMA Network Open |
Automated Interpretation of Clinical Electroencephalograms Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Neurology |
The New Era of Automated Electroencephalogram Interpretation JAMA Neurology |
Studying Healthy Psychosislike Experiences to Improve Illness Prediction JAMA Psychiatry |
Evaluation of Risk of Bias in Neuroimaging-Based AI Models for Psychiatric Diagnosis JAMA Network Open |
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Oncology
A Learning Program for Tumor Treatment Recommendations JAMA Oncology |
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
Use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots for Cancer Treatment Information JAMA Oncology |
Artificial Intelligence—From Starting Pilots to Scalable Privilege JAMA Oncology |
Assessment of AI Chatbot Responses to Top Searched Queries About Cancer JAMA Oncology |
Using Race and Ethnicity in Lung Cancer Prediction Models JAMA Network Open |
Balancing Statistical Precision With Societal Goals to Reduce Health Disparities JAMA Network Open |
Trial: AI-Supported Mammography Screening Is Safe, Time-Saving JAMA |
Multilevel Model to Identify Patients at Risk for Delay in Starting Cancer Treatment JAMA Network Open |
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Neurology
Oncology
Algorithmic Fairness of Machine Learning Models for Alzheimer Disease Progression JAMA Network Open |
A Learning Program for Tumor Treatment Recommendations JAMA Oncology |
Automated Large Vessel Occlusion Detection Software and Thrombectomy Treatment Times JAMA Neurology |
Three-Dimensional Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head as a Function of Glaucoma Severity JAMA Ophthalmology |
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
Deep Learning Models to Classify and Monitor Scoliosis Using a Single Smartphone Photograph JAMA Network Open |
Use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots for Cancer Treatment Information JAMA Oncology |
Automated Interpretation of Clinical Electroencephalograms Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Neurology |
Artificial Intelligence—From Starting Pilots to Scalable Privilege JAMA Oncology |
The New Era of Automated Electroencephalogram Interpretation JAMA Neurology |
Assessment of AI Chatbot Responses to Top Searched Queries About Cancer JAMA Oncology |
Studying Healthy Psychosislike Experiences to Improve Illness Prediction JAMA Psychiatry |
Using Race and Ethnicity in Lung Cancer Prediction Models JAMA Network Open |
Evaluation of Risk of Bias in Neuroimaging-Based AI Models for Psychiatric Diagnosis JAMA Network Open |
Balancing Statistical Precision With Societal Goals to Reduce Health Disparities JAMA Network Open |
Multilevel Model to Identify Patients at Risk for Delay in Starting Cancer Treatment JAMA Network Open |
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Ophthalmology
Deep Learning Performance of UWF Fundus Imaging for Screening Retinal Lesions JAMA Ophthalmology |
Code-Free Clinician Self-Training on Public Data for Diabetic Retinopathy Referral JAMA Ophthalmology |
Deep Learning to Predict Progression to Geographic Atrophy on SD-OCT JAMA Ophthalmology |
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Long-Term Visual Acuity in Highly Myopic Eyes JAMA Ophthalmology |
Three-Dimensional Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head as a Function of Glaucoma Severity JAMA Ophthalmology |
Chatbots, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of Scientific Reporting JAMA Ophthalmology |
Accuracy of Vitreoretinal Disease Information From AI Chat-Based Program JAMA Ophthalmology |
Comparison of Ophthalmologist and AI Chatbot Responses to Online Patient Eye Care Questions JAMA Network Open |
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Otolaryngology
In-Home Smartphone-Based Prediction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Level 2 Home Polysomnography JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Deep Learning for Sarcopenia Analysis in Head and Neck Cancer JAMA Network Open |
Predicting Emergency Department Use and Unplanned Hospitalization in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Deep Learning for Clinical Image Analyses in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Deep Learning to Augment Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Head and Neck and Prostate Cancers JAMA Network Open |
Machine Learning–Guided Adjuvant Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer JAMA Network Open |
Use of Deep Learning to Analyze Social Media Discussions About the HPV Vaccine JAMA Network Open |
Machine Learning Model for Survival Risk Stratification in Advanced Oral Cancer JAMA Network Open |
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Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology
In-Home Smartphone-Based Prediction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Level 2 Home Polysomnography JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Deep Learning Performance of UWF Fundus Imaging for Screening Retinal Lesions JAMA Ophthalmology |
Deep Learning for Sarcopenia Analysis in Head and Neck Cancer JAMA Network Open |
Code-Free Clinician Self-Training on Public Data for Diabetic Retinopathy Referral JAMA Ophthalmology |
Predicting Emergency Department Use and Unplanned Hospitalization in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Deep Learning to Predict Progression to Geographic Atrophy on SD-OCT JAMA Ophthalmology |
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Long-Term Visual Acuity in Highly Myopic Eyes JAMA Ophthalmology |
Three-Dimensional Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head as a Function of Glaucoma Severity JAMA Ophthalmology |
Deep Learning for Clinical Image Analyses in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Chatbots, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of Scientific Reporting JAMA Ophthalmology |
Machine Learning–Guided Adjuvant Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer JAMA Network Open |
Accuracy of Vitreoretinal Disease Information From AI Chat-Based Program JAMA Ophthalmology |
Use of Deep Learning to Analyze Social Media Discussions About the HPV Vaccine JAMA Network Open |
Comparison of Ophthalmologist and AI Chatbot Responses to Online Patient Eye Care Questions JAMA Network Open |
Machine Learning Model for Survival Risk Stratification in Advanced Oral Cancer JAMA Network Open |
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Pediatrics
Use of Durable Medical Equipment and Supplies JAMA Network Open |
Tool to Understand Durable Medical Equipment and Supply Use in Children JAMA Network Open |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
Video Tutorials to Empower Caregivers and Reduce Health Care Utilization JAMA Network Open |
Call for Papers on Artificial Intelligence Applied to Pediatric Care JAMA Pediatrics |
Deep Learning Models to Classify and Monitor Scoliosis Using a Single Smartphone Photograph JAMA Network Open |
Communication of COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media by Physicians in the US JAMA Network Open |
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Psychiatry
App-Based Interventions for Moderate to Severe Depression JAMA Network Open |
Validation of a Civilian-Based Suicide Risk Model in the US Navy JAMA Network Open |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
Predicting Suicidal Ideation Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals JAMA Network Open |
Health Care–Provided Digital Health Technologies for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment JAMA Network Open |
Reasons for Discontinuation or Change of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors JAMA Network Open |
Development of a Machine Learning Prediction Model of PTSD After Military Deployment JAMA Network Open |
Deep Learning Model for Retinal Hemorrhage Detection in Young Children JAMA Network Open |
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Pediatrics
Psychiatry
Use of Durable Medical Equipment and Supplies JAMA Network Open |
App-Based Interventions for Moderate to Severe Depression JAMA Network Open |
Tool to Understand Durable Medical Equipment and Supply Use in Children JAMA Network Open |
Validation of a Civilian-Based Suicide Risk Model in the US Navy JAMA Network Open |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
Video Tutorials to Empower Caregivers and Reduce Health Care Utilization JAMA Network Open |
Predicting Suicidal Ideation Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals JAMA Network Open |
Deep Learning Models to Classify and Monitor Scoliosis Using a Single Smartphone Photograph JAMA Network Open |
Reasons for Discontinuation or Change of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors JAMA Network Open |
Communication of COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media by Physicians in the US JAMA Network Open |
Development of a Machine Learning Prediction Model of PTSD After Military Deployment JAMA Network Open |
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Surgery
Demographic Representation in 3 AI Text-to-Image Generators JAMA Surgery |
Implications of Using Chatbots for Future Surgical Education JAMA Surgery |
Development and Validation of a Model to Quantify Injury Severity in Real Time JAMA Network Open |
LLM-Based vs Surgeon-Generated Informed Consent for Common Procedures JAMA Network Open |
Development of a Machine Learning Tool to Address Racial Disparities in Access to Care JAMA Surgery |
AI in Surgical Curriculum Design and Unintended Outcomes for Technical Competencies JAMA Network Open |
Deep Learning Models to Classify and Monitor Scoliosis Using a Single Smartphone Photograph JAMA Network Open |
Automatic Surgical Skill Assessment Based on Surgical Field Development Using AI JAMA Surgery |
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Radiology
Radiology’s AI Adoption Dilemma JAMA |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
Automated Large Vessel Occlusion Detection Software and Thrombectomy Treatment Times JAMA Neurology |
Generative AI for Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Emergency Department JAMA Network Open |
Trial: AI-Supported Mammography Screening Is Safe, Time-Saving JAMA |
Deep Learning Model for Retinal Hemorrhage Detection in Young Children JAMA Network Open |
Use of Deep-Learning Algorithm to Guide Novices in Performing FAST JAMA Network Open |
Evaluation of Risk of Bias in Neuroimaging-Based AI Models for Psychiatric Diagnosis JAMA Network Open |
Artificial Intelligence to Detect Lesions in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis JAMA Network Open |
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Surgery
Radiology
Demographic Representation in 3 AI Text-to-Image Generators JAMA Surgery |
Radiology’s AI Adoption Dilemma JAMA |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
Implications of Using Chatbots for Future Surgical Education JAMA Surgery |
Automated Large Vessel Occlusion Detection Software and Thrombectomy Treatment Times JAMA Neurology |
Generative AI for Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Emergency Department JAMA Network Open |
Development and Validation of a Model to Quantify Injury Severity in Real Time JAMA Network Open |
Trial: AI-Supported Mammography Screening Is Safe, Time-Saving JAMA |
LLM-Based vs Surgeon-Generated Informed Consent for Common Procedures JAMA Network Open |
Deep Learning Model for Retinal Hemorrhage Detection in Young Children JAMA Network Open |
AI in Surgical Curriculum Design and Unintended Outcomes for Technical Competencies JAMA Network Open |
Use of Deep-Learning Algorithm to Guide Novices in Performing FAST JAMA Network Open |
Deep Learning Models to Classify and Monitor Scoliosis Using a Single Smartphone Photograph JAMA Network Open |
Evaluation of Risk of Bias in Neuroimaging-Based AI Models for Psychiatric Diagnosis JAMA Network Open |
Automatic Surgical Skill Assessment Based on Surgical Field Development Using AI JAMA Surgery |
Artificial Intelligence to Detect Lesions in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis JAMA Network Open |
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Machine Learning Prediction in Psychiatry Needs the Right Information

Brian Kraus, MA, Kruthika Sampathgiri, MD et al.

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Fairness of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Foregone Preventive Dental Care for Adults

Helena Silveira Schuch, PhD, Mariane Furtado, PhD et al.

JAMA Network Open |

Research Letter

Assessing Biases in AI Chatbot Responses

Jiyeong Kim, PhD, Zhuo Ran Cai, MD et al.

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Editorial

Evaluating the Application of Large Language Models in Clinical Research Contexts

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Accuracy and Reliability of Chatbot Responses to Physician Questions

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APPRAISE-AI Tool to Quantitatively Evaluate AI Studies for Clinical Decision Support

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JAMA Forum

How to Safely Integrate Large Language Models Into Health Care

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Original Investigation

Interaction Frequency Before and After COVID-19 Telehealth Implementation

Sarah Nouri, MD, MPH, Courtney R. Lyles, PhD et al.

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Business vs After-Hours Use of an AI Digital Health Platform

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Hospital Readmissions by Variation in Engagement in the Health Care Hotspotting Trial

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